Sitagliptin: A Comprehensive Overview Sitagliptin is an oral medication prescribed to manage blood sugar levels in individuals with type 2 diabetes. Its primary mechanism of action involves regulating insulin production within the body, particularly after meals. This regulation helps maintain optimal glucose levels, preventing spikes and drops. 1. Mechanism of Action: Sitagliptin belongs to a class of drugs known as dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitors. It works by inhibiting the activity of DPP-4, an enzyme responsible for breaking down certain hormones, including incretins. Incretins are hormones released by the gut in response to food intake. They stimulate the pancreas to produce insulin and reduce glucagon production, thereby helping to lower blood sugar levels. By inhibiting DPP-4, sitagliptin prolongs the action of incretins, enhancing insulin secretion and suppressing glucagon release. This dual effect promotes better blood sugar control and reduces the risk of complications associated with diabetes. 2. Indications: - Sitagliptin is primarily indicated for the treatment of type 2 diabetes in adults. - It can be used as a monotherapy or in combination with other diabetes medications, such as metformin or sulfonylureas, to achieve better glycemic control. - Sitagliptin is not intended for treating type 1 diabetes, which requires insulin therapy. 3. Dosage and Administration: - Sitagliptin is typically taken orally once daily, with or without food. - The recommended starting dose is 100 mg once daily. However, dosage adjustments may be necessary based on individual response and tolerability. - The maximum recommended daily dose is 100 mg. 4. Contraindications and Precautions: - Sitagliptin is contraindicated in individuals with a known hypersensitivity to the drug or any of its components. - It should be used with caution in patients with a history of severe heart failure, as it may increase the risk of hospitalization for heart failure. - Close monitoring of kidney function is recommended in patients with impaired renal function, as dose adjustments may be necessary. 5. Side Effects: - Common side effects of sitagliptin include headache, diarrhea, nausea, and upper respiratory tract infections. - Serious side effects, though rare, include pancreatitis, severe allergic reactions, and joint pain. - It is important to inform the healthcare provider about any side effects experienced during treatment. more